Umma Staff Publications

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and the future of internal audit
(KASNEB, 201-06-01) Dallu, Abdhallah Mambo
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad term that refers to technology that makes machines to be “smart.” Organisations are investing in AI research and applications to automate, augment or replicate human intelligence, human analytics and/or decision making. The internal audit profession must be prepared to fully participate in organisational AI initiatives
Antimicrobial activity of South African Podocarpus species
(2008-06-28) Abdillahi, H.S.; Stafford, G.I.; Finnie, J.F.; Staden, J. Van
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Several species of Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae) are utilized in treating ailments across the world. In Africa, four species are used traditionally in both animal and human health Aim of the study: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Podocarpus species against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Materials and methods: Six solvents of varying polarity were used for extraction. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the microdilution bioassay and for antifungal activity, the microdilution bioassay and (M27-P) broth dilution were used. Results: All species exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC values of less than 1 mg/ml. Inhibition against Gram-positive bacteriawas stronger with an MIC value of 98 g/ml while for Gram-negative bacteria, the highest inhibitionwas against Klebsiella pneumoniae with an MIC value of 0.33 mg/ml. All species exhibited strong antifungal activity with the best MIC being 30 g/ml after 48 h. Conclusions: All four species exhibited strong inhibition against all tested microbials, based on Aligiannis et al. [Aligiannis, N., Kalpotzakis, E., Mitaku, S., Chinou, I.B., 2001. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, 4168–4170] classification they can be classified as strong inhibitors.
Effect of cadmium uptake and accumulation on growth and antibacterial activity of Merwilla plumbea — An extensively used medicinal plant in South Africa
(Elsevier, 2009-05-21) Street, R.A.; Kulkarni, M.G.; Stirk, W.A.; Southway, C.; Abdillahi, H.S.; Chinsamy, M.; Staden, J. Van
In South Africa, heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils is on the increase primarily due to excessive application of fertilizers, sewage disposal and mining activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on plant growth and biological activity. The medicinal plant Merwilla plumbea [Syn. Merwilla natalensis (Syn. Scilla natalensis)] was selected due to the high demand for its bulbs in the traditional medicine markets. Low levels of Cd (2 mg/L) significantly reduced fresh mass of leaves, bulbs and roots in comparison to the control. Although most of the Cd was stored in the roots, the bulbs, which are used medicinally, accumulated 7.1, 5.9 and 11.6 mg/kg when grown in sand watered weekly with 2, 5 and 10 mg Cd/L respectively. The bulbs of M. plumbea contained 24-fold more Cd than the World Health Organization guideline of 0.3 mg Cd/kg, when irrigated with 2 mg Cd/L. The bulb extracts showed increased antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis at 2 mg Cd/L. The plants treated with 10 mg Cd/L showed an increased antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to non-Cd-treated plants (control). However, there was no change in antibacterial activity of the various extracts against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The ability of M. plumbea to accumulate Cd not only raises concern for consumer safety, but also the quality of medicinal plants sold may be in question.
Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Podocarpus sensu latissimo (s.l.)
(Elsevier, 2009-09-02) Abdillahi, H. S.; Stafford, G.I.; Finnie, J.F.; Staden, J.Van
The genus Podocarpus sensu latissimo (s.l.) was initially subdivided into eight sections. However, based on new information from different morphological and anatomical studies, these sections were recognised as new genera. This change in nomenclature sometimes is problematic when consulting ethnobotanical data especially when selecting plants for pharmacological screening, thus there is a need to clear any ambiguity with the nomenclature. Species of Podocarpus s.l. are important timber trees in their native areas. They have been used by many communities in traditional medicine and as a source of income. Podocarpus s.l. is used in the treatment of fevers, asthma, coughs, cholera, distemper, chest complaints and venereal diseases. Other uses include timber, food, wax, tannin and as ornamental trees. Although extensive research has been carried out on species of Podocarpus s.l over the last decade, relatively little is known about the African species compared to those of New Zealand, Australia, China and Japan. Phytochemical studies have led to the isolation and elucidation of various terpenoids and nor- and bisnorditerpenoid dilactones. Biflavonoids of the amentoflavone and hinokiflavone types have also been isolated. Nor- and bis-norditerpenes are said to be taxonomic markers for this genus. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, larvicidal, plant and insect growth regulation activities. Various studies have yielded important natural bioactive products and two of them are worth mentioning. Taxol, a significant anticancer agent has been isolated from Podocarpus gracilior and totarol, a diterpenoid isolated from various species and now commercially produced as a potent antibacterial and antioxidant agent. Findings from this review supports the use of an ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomical approach in selecting plants for pharmacological screening since most of the species in the differentmorphological groups have similar uses. Also the isolated compounds have chemotaxonomic value amongst the groups. Some of the biological activities identified from extracts and compounds isolated from Podocarpus s.l. support the rationale behind the medicinal uses of these species.
Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,anti-tyrosinase and phenolic contents off our Podocarpus species used in traditional medicine in South Africa
(Elsevier Ireland, 2010-07-06) Abdillahi, Halima Saado; Finnie, J.F.; Staden, J.Van
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Species of Podocarpus are used traditionally in their native areas for the treatment of fevers,asthma,coughs,cholera,chest complaints,arthritis,rheumatism,venereal diseases and distemper in dogs. Aims of the study: To investigate the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase activities off our Podocarpus species, Podocarpus elongatus, Podocarpus falcatus, Podocarpus henkelii and Podocarpus lati-folius, used in traditional medicine in South Africa. Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried out. Materials and methods: DPPH, FRAPand -carotene-linoleic acid assays were used to determine the antioxidant/radical scavenging activities of these species. Anti-inflammatory activity of these species was assayed against two cyclooxygenase enzymes(COX-1 and COX-2).Tyrosinase inhibition activity was analysed using the modified dopachrome method with l-DOPA as the substrate. Phenolics were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric methods. Results: Stems of Podocarpus latifolius exhibited thelowestEC50 (0.84 g/ml) inhibition against DPPH.The percentage antioxidant activity based on the bleaching rate of -carotene rangedfrom96%to99%.High ferric reducing power was observed in all the extracts.For COX-1,the lowest EC50 value was exhibited by stem extracts of Podocarpus elongatus (5.02 g/ml) and leaf extract of Podocarpus latifolius showed the lowest EC50 against COX-2(5.13 g/ml). All extracts inhibited tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner with stem extract of Podocarpus elongatus being the most potent with an EC50 value of 0.14mg/ml. The total phenolic content ranged from 2.38 to 6.94 mg of GAE/g dry sample. Conclusion: The significant pharmacological activities observed support the use of these species in traditional medicine and may also be candidates in the search for modern pharmaceuticals in medicine, food and cosmetic industries.
Mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of South African Podocarpus species
(Elsevier, 2011-12-01) Abdillahi, Halima Saado
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Four species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine both in human and animal healthcare in South Africa. In vitro pharmacological screening of leaf and stem extracts of these species exhibited potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anthelmintic, acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Aim of the study: To investigate the mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of leaf and stem extract of South African Podocarpus species. Material and methods: The mutagenicity and cytotoxic effects of extracts from four species of Podocar-pus were tested using the Salmonella/microsome assay with and without metabolic activation, based on the plate-incorporation method and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay respectively. Five Salmonellatyphimurium tester strains; TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used for mutagenicity test- ing. The relative cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by determining their NI50 values (50% inhibition of NRU). Results: The extracts did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation. All extracts demonstrated a strong antimutagenic effect on the mutations induced by 4NQO, decreasing its mutagenic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Strong cytotoxic effects were exhibited by petroleum ether extracts as compared to 80% ethanol extracts. When HepG2 cells were in contact with plant extracts in an increasing concentration, slopes of NRU decreased (highest–lowest %) following a concentration-dependent pattern. For 80% ethanol extracts, the most toxic extract in terms of percentage viability was leaves of Podocarpus falcatus whereby at 0.2 mg/ml, the viability of the cells was38.9%. Stem extract of Podocarpus latifolius was the most toxic among PE extracts, giving a percentage viability of 46.4 at 0.1 mg/ml. Conclusion: Absence of mutagenicity does not indicate lack of toxicity, as was observed from these extracts. These findings will help in assessing the safety measures to be considered in the use of these species and also the need to determine the cytotoxic potential of these species against various forms of human cancer cells.
Mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of South African Podocarpus species
(Elsevier, 2011-12-06) Abdillahi, Halima S.; Verschaeve, Luc; Finnie, Jeffrey F.; Staden, Johannes Van
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Four species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine both in human and animal healthcare in South Africa. In vitro pharmacological screening of leaf and stem extracts of these species exhibited potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anthelmintic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Aim of the study: To investigate the mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of leaf and stem extract of South African Podocarpus species. Material and methods: The mutagenicity and cytotoxic effects of extracts from four species of Podocarpus were tested using the Salmonella/microsome assay with and without metabolic activation, based on the plate-incorporation method and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay respectively. Five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains; TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used for mutagenicity testing. The relative cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by determining their NI50 values (50% inhibitionof NRU). Results: The extracts did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation. All extracts demonstrated a strong antimutagenic effect on the mutations induced by 4NQO, decreasing its mutagenic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Strong cytotoxic effects were exhibited by petroleum ether extracts as compared to 80% ethanol extracts. When HepG2 cells were in contact with plant extracts in an increasing concentration, slopes of NRU decreased (highest–lowest %) following a concentration-dependent pattern. For 80% ethanol extracts, the most toxic extract in terms of percentage viability was leaves of Podocarpus falcatus whereby at 0.2 mg/ml, the viability of the cells was 38.9%. Stem extract of Podocarpus latifolius was the most toxic among PE extracts, giving a percentage viability of 46.4 at 0.1 mg/ml. Conclusion: Absence of mutagenicity does not indicate lack of toxicity, as was observed from these extracts. These findings will help in assessing the safety measures to be considered in the use of these species and also the need to determine the cytotoxic potential of these species against various forms of human cancer cells.
A new sesquiterpenoid from the rhizomes of Homalomena sagittifolia
(Taylor and Francis, 2012-05) Wong, K.C.; Hamid, Abdul; Eldeen, I.M.S.; Asmawi, M. Zaini; Baharuddin, S.; Abdillahi, H.S.; Staden, J. Van
A new sesquiterpenoid, 1 ,4 ,7 -eudesmanetriol (1), was isolated together with the known compounds 1 ,4 ,7 -eudesmanetriol (2) and oplopanone (3) from the rhizomes of Homalomena sagittifolia. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectral analyses. The compounds 1 and 2 inhibited growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri with a MIC value of 117 mM when evaluated for antibacterial activity using the minimum concentration assay. Both these compounds showed remarkable activities against acetylcholinesterase enzyme with IC50 values ranging between 25 and 26 mM. The isolation of these sesquiterpenoids and their biological activities observed in this study support the reported traditional uses of H. sagittifolia for the treatment of microbial related diseases and central nervous system disorders.
South African plants and male reproductive healthcare: Conception and contraception
(Elsevier, 2012-06-28) Abdillahi, H.S.; Staden, J. Van
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional remedies from plants have been use to treat male reproductive related disorders for ages in South Africa. Aim: This study reviewed the current status of medicinal plants used in male reproductive healthcare as well as their effectiveness as a mode of treatment. Methodology: A detailed literature search was done by consulting books, peer-reviewed papers, scientific databases such as Scopus, Science direct and PubMed, and Google scholars. Keywords such as aphrodisiacs, conception, erectile dysfunction, fertility, infertility and sterility in relation to medicinal plants were used during the search. Plant species were selected based on their traditional use in different aspects of male reproductive healthcare. Results: A total of 61 plants species were found to be used in treating male impotency or as aphrodisiacs. However, only six species have been evaluated scientifically and these plants showed significant activities either in promoting conception by improving fertility and promoting erection or in contraception by decreasing sperm motility, virility and membrane integrity. Conclusion: The importance of herbal products in the treatment of male infertility and related sexual disorders is undeniable. Scientific evaluations of the six species have proved the empirical use of these plants in the improvement of male sexual disorders as well as validating their traditional uses
The Extent of Influence of Factors on Cigarette Smoking Among Teenagers in Baguio City: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2013) Cheruiyot, Joan; Retuta, Marjorie; Arasa, Geofrey; Kiprono, Sabella J.; Korir, Scholastica; Kamau, Simon Macharia
Although there are several studies conducted on teenage smoking, the causes to become smokers in adolescence remain unclear. Several factors were identified but the extent of its influence still obscure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the significant difference in the extent of influence of these identified factors when teens are group according to gender and age group of 13 to 16 years old versus 17-19 years of age.
Knowledge of Staff Nurses on Management of Deconditioning in Older Adults: A Cross- Sectional Study
(Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2013) Cheruiyot, Joan; Laoingco, Jose Reinhard C.; Kamau, Simon Macharia
A significant issue facing today’s acute care nurse is the ability to respond to the rising number of older adults admitted to the hospital, while simultaneously preventing complications of hospitalization, specifically de conditioning.
Application of Medicinal Plants in Maternal Healthcare and Infertility: A South African Perspective
(2013-04) Abdillahi, Halima S.; Staden, Johannes Van
Plants have played significant roles as medicine during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum care in many rural areas of the world. In addition to this, plants have been used for centuries to treat infertility and related reproduction problems. The aim of this paper was to review the current status of plant species used in maternal healthcare, including infertility, in South Africa, in terms of scientific evaluation for efficacy and safety. In addition to this, the role of medicinal plants as a tool in achieving the MDG5 of reducing maternal mortality by 2015 was evaluated. A search was done with the aid of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, peer-reviewed papers, and books, using keywords such as child birth, labour pain, maternal health, maternal mortality, menstrual pains, and postpartum. The plants listed in the different research articles were classified according to their use and the target effect of a plant extract or compound on reproductive function. Eighty-four plant species were found to be used to treat infertility and related problems. Twenty plant species are used during pregnancy, while 26 plant species are used to ease childbirth. For postpartum healing and any problems after childbirth, nine plant species were recorded. Unhealthy pregnancy and birth complications are among the factors that contribute to the loss of cognitive potential in the developing worldʼs children, condemning them to impoverished lives. The best way to keep a country poor is to rob its children of their full developmental potential. In this respect, medicinal plants play a significant role in reducing maternal mortality and ensuring the birth of healthy children.
Evaluation of the Atlas Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Test for Diagnosis of Infection in Adult Patients
(Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2014) Osman, Hussein Ali; Hasan, Habsah; Suppian, Rapeah; Bahar, Norhaniza; Hussin, Nurzam Suhaila Che; Rahim, Amry Abdul; Hassan, Syed; Andee, Dzulkarnaen Zakaria; Zilfalil, Bin-Alwi
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is one of the most important causes of dyspepsia and gastric cancer and diagnosis can be made by invasive or non-invasive methods. The Atlas Helicobacter pylori antigen test is a new rapid non-invasive method which is simple to conduct. The aim of this study was to determine its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted between July 2012 and December 2013. Stool samples of 59 dyspeptic patients who underwent upper endoscopy were evaluated for H. pylori stool antigen. Results: From the 59 patients who participated in this study, there were 36 (61%) males and 23 (39%) females. H. pylori was diagnosed in 24 (40.7%) gastric biopsies, 22 (91.7 %) of these being positive for the Atlas H. pylori antigen test. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 91.7%, 100%, 100%, 94.6% and 96.6% respectively. Conclusions: The Atlas H. pylori antigen test is a new non-invasive method which is simple to perform and avails reliable results in a few minutes. Thus it can be the best option for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA, babA2, and dupA genotypes and correlation with clinical outcome in Malaysian patients with dyspepsia
(Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014-12-20) OSMAN, Hussein Ali; SUPPIAN, Rapeah; HASSAN, Syed; ANDEE, Dzulkarnaen Zakaria; MAJID, Noorizan ABDUL; ZILFALIL, Bin-Alwi
The severity of disease outcome in dyspepsia has been attributed to Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of H. pylori virulence genes (cagA, babA2, and dupA) and to determine whether or not there arises a significant correlation with clinical dyspepsia outcomes.
Effects of Socially Responsible Purchasing on Supply Chain Performance. Evidence from Kenya Supermarkets
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2015-01-01) Korir, Loice; Komen, Joyce; Cherop, Felishana Jepkosgei; Kihara, Ngene Patrick
The purpose of the study will be to determine effect of purchasing social responsibility on supply chain performance of supermarkets in UasinGishu County. The study was guided by Stakeholder Theory and Legitimacy Theory. For this study, questionnaire was used to collect data. The target population for the study was owners/managers of supermarkets. Multiple regression model was used to test hypothesis. We found that environment, diversity, human rights and safety constitute responsibility have a positive and significant effect on supply chain performance. However, purchasing social responsibility was found to be less practiced in supermarkets. Therefore, there need for firms to purchase from different ethnic groups and minority/women-owned business enterprises so as to bring value and innovation to the supply base, to work with suppliers to ensure that their processes and products are environmentally sound, to support and respect the protection of human rights and to ensure suppliers’ locations are operated in a safe manner.
EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS, NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
(International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 2015-03-31) Bonuke, Ronald; Korir, Loice
The main purpose of the study was to determine the effect of entrepreneurial supply chain management competencies on organizational performance.
Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori cagA Gene from a Patient Who Failed Eradication Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
(2015-04-01) Osman, Hussein Ali; Hasan, Habsah; Suppian, Rapeah; Arjunan, Saravanan; B. A., Zilfalil
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that causes chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Here we report a female patient presenting with dyspepsia. She was tested positive six times by the Rapid Urease test and Urea breath test (UBT). A culture of gastric biopsy was done and the isolate showed resistance to Clarithromycin and Metronidazole while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed the presence of cagA H. pylori virulence gene. Presence of cagA might not be a risk factor in development of Metronidazole resistance to antibiotic therapy. In conclusion, we report a female Malaysian Indian with cagA positive H. pylori infection, but experienced Metronidazole resistance to antibiotic therapy.
Four Biodiversity Assessments of Lolldaiga Hills Ranch by the National Museums of Kenya (2014)
(National Museums of Kenya, 2015-05) Wasonga, Victor; Wamiti, Wanyoike; Abdillahi, Halima; Kinuthia, Wanja; Mwebi, Ogeto
This preliminary survey of the insects of Lolldaiga Hills Ranch was conducted between 30 October and 3 November 2014. Six sites representing distinct habitat types were surveyed. These included euphorbia thicket, grassland, Acacia drepanolobium woodland, rocky outcrop, marshy ground, riverine forest, and red cedar and olive forest. Three colours of pan traps, sweep netting, and ground searching techniqueswere used to survey invertebrates. Of the three orders of insects that have been processed, the Lepidoptera had 21 species from four families, while Hymenoptera and Coleoptera each had 12 species from three and six families, respectively. Among the Lepidoptera, the Pieridae had the highest number of species (8) while Nymphalidae had the smallest number (2). At 55%, dipterans were the most abundant of the pollinators followed by hymenopterans (35%). Yellow was the most visited pan trap colour at 58%, followed by white (24%), then blue (18%). All pollinator groups visited yellow traps as their preferred colour, while Coleopterans mostly visited white traps. The four pollinator groups, however, visited all colours. Given its relevance in biodiversity conservation and land use management, biodiversity inventories should be carried on in both dry and wet seasons.
EFFECT OF BUYER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIPS ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM KENYAN SUPERMARKET
(European Scientific Journal, 2015-12-01) Korir, Loice
The purpose of this paper was to establish the effect of buyer-supplier relations on procurement performance. The study was informed by social exchange theory. This study employed explanatory research design. The target population was 112 procurement and sales managers drawn from thirty-four (34) supermarkets located in Nairobi County. Census technique was used. Data was obtained using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, means, and standard deviation. In addition, Pearson correlation and multiple regression models were used to test linear relationship and hypothesis testing respectively. Study results showed that commitment, communication, cooperation and trust has a positive and significant effect on procurement performance. Hence, high levels of commitment, trust, communication and cooperation enhance sustainable competitive advantage hence improving the procurement performance. The study therefore recommends that there is need for firms to have a long term partnership with the major suppliers and aim at giving maximum attention to the relationship with suppliers so as to maintain it and enhance competitive advantage which will lead to improved procurement performance. There is also need for firms to have frequent and timely communication with suppliers and inform them of unforeseen challenges. Suppliers need to keep the promises made to the firm and offer credible information and keep the firm’s best interests in mind. Suppliers need to be responsible for the results of the industrialization and manufacturing process of the supplied part. It is also recommended that this study be replicated in different business sectors within the other regions.
In vitro Repression of Cyclooxygenase, Acetylcholinesterase Activities and Bacterial Growth by Trans-phytol and a Glycolipid from the Leaves of Homalomena sagittifolia
(Researchgate, 2016-06-05) Eldeen, Ibrahim M.S.; Hamid, Abdul; Wong, K.C.; Abdullah, M.A.; Tengku-Muhammad, Tengku S.; Abdillahi, H.S.; Staden, J. Van
Background and Objective: The leaf of Homalomena sagittifolia was reported to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, narcotic, violent intoxication and hallucinogen effects. This study highlights isolation, identification and biological activities of two compounds from the leaves of H. sagittifolia. Methodology: Two isolates were investigated for their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. They were also tested for antimicrobial effects against five pathogenic bacterial strains using the micro-dilution assay. The structure of the two isolates were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data and previous available reports in literature. They were identified to be trans-phytol (1) and diacylglyceroglycolipid (2). The compounds were investigated for their anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic and antimicrobial effects using the cyclooxygenase, the microplate and the antimicrobial micro-dilution assays, respectively. Results: Compound 2 possessed good activity against both COX-1 (IC 50 = 38) and COX-2 (IC 50 = 48). The IC 50 values observed with the indomethacin were 4.1 and 181 μM against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. The two compounds also inhibited activity of acetylcholinesterase with an IC 50 values of 8.6 μM (2), 24 μM (1) and 3.3 μM (galanthamine). Compound 2 showed remarkable activity against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Klebsiella pneumoniae with an MIC value of 98 μM. The MIC values recorded for tetracycline were 87 and 175 μM against P. stutzeri and K. pneumonia, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicated the potential pharmacological properties of the leaves of H. sagittifolia and supported the traditional uses of the plant. Further studies are needed to understand its molecular interactions. This may lead to the development of standardized crude drugs and/or nutraceutical agents.