Umma Staff Publications
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Item Financial Inclusion and Stock Market Developmentin Kenya; ACase of Kajiado County(Blue Print Academic Publishers, 2024-09-22) Munene, Wanja Agnes; Koech, AlexThe Group of Twenty (G20) recognizes that financial inclusion as a key enabler in the fight against poverty. In effort to alleviating poverty in Kenya, the government identified the stock market as a key avenue in mobilizing resources. The Development of its stock market is thus vital avenue that could be used to mobilize investment funds required for implementation of vision 2030 projects. However, the stock market is contributing less than one percent of growth financing against the government expectation of ten percent. This study therefore, sought to investigate the effect of financial inclusion on stock market development in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the effects of access to financial services, usage of financial services, quality of the products and the service delivery on stock market development in Kenya. Using stratified random sampling, a sample size of 482respondents was drawn from a target population.Multiple regression Model was employed in order to determine the relationship between financial inclusion and stock market participation in Kenya. The study found out there was a strong positive relationship between financial access, usage and product quality and stock market development.Also, financial access(β=.061, p<0.05), usage(β=.083, p<0.05)and product quality(β=.476, p<0.05)has a positive and statistically significant effect on stock market development in Kenya.In addition, the study found that most of the responses on advanced financial literacy questions were performed below average indicating low financial literate levels among the respondents.The study recommends that the county government initiate programs that will enhance financial inclusion in the county, this will not only enhance stock market development but also other market sectors.Item INVESTIGATION OF DECLINE OF ISLAM IN MUMIAS REGION OF KAKAMEGA COUNTY(2023-11-19) OMUKABA, OMAR RAMADHANIslamic religion first spread into Africa from the Arabian Peninsula during the early seventh century. Today, 40 percent of the African population is Muslims. The East African region consist of a significant number of Muslims particularly along the Indian Ocean coastline. In Kenya, Muslims account to 11 percent of the population (Census, 2019). Islam penetrated to interior of Kenya and stepped its fit in Mumias Western Kenya in late 19th century. Its spread in the region was spearheaded by King Nabongo Mumia of the Wanga kingdom who embraced in its early stage. In early 20th century Christian missionaries invaded the region spreading Christianity which led to weakening of Islam in the region. This study has investigated the downfall of Islam in Mumias region of Kakamega County, Kenya. The study aimed to examine the factors behind the decline of Islam in Mumias region and discuss the efforts of revival. The study was guided by the theory of islamization developed by Bunger (1972) and conflict theory suggested by Marx. The design employed was exploratory and descriptive survey design with a methodology of a mixed method approach during which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and interview schedules. The quantitative data obtained was analyzed systematically with the help of the SPSS version 21 and presented with the help of frequency tables and percentages. While the qualitative data collected was analyzed and presented thematically in a narrative form. The target population was 399,145 respondents from the entire Mumias region. The researcher used both purposive and simple random sampling to get sample size of 100 respondents for the study. Ethical consideration was a priority by seeking permission from the relevant authority to carry out the study and confidentiality assured to all respondents. The study findings have established several reasons that led to deterioration of Islam in Mumias region such as lack of religious knowledge, learning in missionary sponsored schools, marriage to nonmuslims, poverty among Muslims, Influence from parents and colleagues who are not Muslims or who have converted from Islam, misconception about Islam, lack of committed and consistent propagators (Duat) and lack of Islamic institutions like schools and hospitals among others. The results also indicate that downfall of Islam contributes to reduction of Muslim followers. There are some efforts put forward to improve the situation like; propagation of the religion, interreligious dialogues though very little and a few Islamic NGOs that operate in the region among others.Item Prevalence, Effect and Management of Cancer Pain at Garissa, Kenya(IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2018-12-25) Affey, Fatuma. A.; Mwenda, Catherine; Too, Wesley; Elmi, MohamedHigh prevalence, negative effect and suboptimal cancer pain management has been reported from resource-limited countries such as Kenya. Precisely, trends of cancer cases are on the increase at Garissa County in Kenya, yet no data exist on the prevalence, effect and management of cancer pain. This study was to examine the prevalence, effect and cancer pain management of adult patients at Garisssa County Referral Hospital. A descriptive cross sectional survey was employed and 94 cancer patients from both outpatient on follow up care and inpatient were recruited to participate. MBPI (Modified Brief Pain Inventory) and ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) tools were used for data collection. Pain Management Index was calculated and significant levels were set at P<0.05 for all tests. Mean age of participants was 50years, composed of 42(44.7%) male and 52 (55.3%) female. Cancers of Breast and prostate were most prevalent with (25%) female and (14%) male respectively. Prevalence of cancer pain was 78% with majority reporting moderate to severe pain and undertreatment with PIM of (p-value < 0.05). Participants accounting 76.9% male and 66.7% female reported cancer pain interference with ability to walk and 91% male and 70% female reported that pain interfered with their mood. Male participants reported to experience more psychological, physical and social pain than female participants. A total of 81.9% (77) participants incorrectly utilised WHO analgesic ladders, 65% (61) and 77.6% (73) considered alternative therapy of Quran and Somali herbs respectively for pain management. This study found a high prevalence of cancer pain with negative impact and suboptimal cancer pain management.Item 'XANNUN’ NURSING CARE MODEL FOR CANCER PAIN MANAGEMENT AMONG ADULT PATIENTS AT GARISSA COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL (GCRH), KENYA(2019) AFFEY, FATUMA ADENNursing care models allows concept application of not only the physical treatment of pain but also synthesis the significance of social-cultural practices, psychological and spiritual pain relief. Cancer pain has high prevalence and negative impact on the quality of life of patients at Garissa County due to limited access to healthcare facilities and unique pastoral lifestyle of the community. This necessitated the development of ‗Xannun‘ model of nursing care for holistic pain management that is clinically proficient and culturally competent. Phase one of the utilised triangulation method approach to recruit 94 cancer patients, 84 clinical nurses and 15 key informants, while phase two was the actual development and testing of Xannun nursing care model. Various sampling procedures that included random, purposive and snowball and recruit participants voluntarily was done. Modified Brief Pain Inventory (MBPI) tool combined with focus group discussion and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was used to obtain data from participants. The sample population was 188 participants. Cancer patients had a mean age of 51years, with prevalence of pain at 78 % (73) that ranged from moderate to severe. A total of 78 % (66) of clinical nurses had no tool for pain assessment, 83.2 % (70) of them did not know how to utilise WHO analgesic ladder. Majority of patients 82 % (78) were on incorrect WHO analgesic ladder with negative PMI (p-value < 0.05) of under treatment. Majority of patients considered alternative treatment for cancer pain such as Quran recitation and Somali herbs accounting for 65% (61) and 77.6% (73) respectively. Almost all KI 93% (14) indicated the inadequate availability of pain medication. Phase two, Delphi survey to gain expert opinion was used. Experts‘ opinion of 80% of respondents agreed that the ‗Xannun‘ nursing model captured the challenges of cancer pain management and 60% of them predicted that the model could be utilised. However, 100% of the experts suggested that the model will bring a positive change, though 90% of them upheld that there will be potential challenges of implementing such a model. This study found high prevalence of cancer pain, suboptimal pain care, Knowledge deficit among nurses and inaccessibility of pain medication associated with the dynamic of a nomadic lifestyle. Thus, this study recommends the implementation of ―Xannun‖ Nursing Care model at GCRH, for a better approach of cancer pain management.Item Levels of Compliance to Proposed Hemodialysis Treatment Standards by Nurses at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya(International Journal of Nursing Science, 2017) Kereu, Dominic Riang’a; Ogoncho, Isaac Machuki; Halake, Dabo; Amunga, RhodaCompliance with treatment standards helps to improve health outcomes and prevent complications. This study sought to determine the level of compliance to hemodialysis treatment standards among nurses in the renal unit at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out involving nurses working in the renal unit. A self administered structured questionnaire and an observational checklist was used to collect information on nursing care during hemodialysis treatment. Results: 48 nurses were recruited. A majority of the respondents 26 (54%) were below the age of 40 years and were predominantly females. Most of the respondents 44 (92%) had specialized nephrology training. A significant association (p=0.018) was reported between nephrology training and compliance to the proposed hemodialysis treatment standards. Most of the respondents 42(87%) had a moderate level of compliance to the proposed hemodialysis treatment standards being implemented at the renal unit. Conclusion: The level of compliance to hemodialysis treatment standards by nurses working in the renal unit at Kenyatta National Hospital was moderate.Item Case Management of Substance Induced Psychosis Using Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations(2017) Ogoncho, Isaac Machuki; Sanga, Philip; Halake, Dabo GalgaloSubstance induced psychosis is a form of psychosis that develops from the use of alcohol or other drugs. The symptoms for this form of psychosis can resolve within days or weeks though tendencies of relapsing occur with persistent use of the drugs. The purpose of this article was to examine Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations as a framework to assist nurses in understanding and managing patients with substance induced psychosis. The theory involves a therapeutic process that is collaboratively undertaken by both the nurse and the patient towards resolving an identified health problem. The nurse-patient relationship evolves through three phases of orientation, working and termination. The nurse may function as a stranger, leader, teacher, resource person, surrogate and counsellor in helping the patient adopt a healthier behaviour. The nurse-patient relationship allows the patient to freely express their emotions, feelings and thoughts about a given health problem. This enhances understanding of the health problem and guides nurses to helping the patients meet their individual needs. Nursing practice should focus on strengthening interpersonal relationships with patients to improve health outcomes.Item Unveiling the hidden battle: Impact of Charlson comorbidities index on critical illness rate and mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in Kenya: A retrospective study(African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2024-01) Isinta, M. Elijah; Kitagwa, W.; Halake, Dabo G; Wang, YouxinFatal outcomes were observed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly among those who were unvaccinated and had comorbidities. Robust research is needed to validate these findings in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The study, involving 1792 COVID-19 patients, explored the links between comorbidities and fatal outcomes. This single-center retrospective cohort study employed Cox proportional hazard regression to analyze the impact of comorbidities on COVID-19 fatalities, adjusting for age, sex, smoking and vaccination status. Males experienced severe illness (75%) or mortality (76.8%). Notably, most people admitted to the ICU were over 31 years old (96.2%), with individuals over 60 years old facing the highest fatality rate (61.6%). The proportion of ICU admissions increased with the Charlson Comorbidities Index (CCI), with CCI 1-3 at 51.0% and CCI >4 at 52.6%. Mortality linked to CCI was 55.4% for CCI 1-3 and 52.6% for CCI >4. The risk of ICU admission and mortality both increased with higher CCIs. Common comorbidities such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, cancer/malignancy, chronic kidney disease and hypertension predicted critical illness and mortality among COVID-19 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for predicting critical illness was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89-0.93), and for mortality, it was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.88-0.91). Additional factors, such as HIV and rheumatoid arthritis, independently predicted critical illness and mortality. The risk of critical illness and mortality showed an increase with the Charlson Comorbidities Index, both among vaccinated and unvaccinated individualsItem The Role of Mobile Health in Supporting Cancer Prevention, Detection, Treatment and Palliative Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Scoping Review(Public Health Research, 2017) Halake, Dabo Galgalo; Ogoncho, Isaac MachukiCancer is one of the non-communicable diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in low-and-middle income countries. Increasing cancer burden is attributable to lifestyle risk factors, poor health system infrastructures, rapid population growth and ageing. These challenges are predicted to persist for years to come; thus the cancer burden is feared to become a major public health crisis hence need for innovative approaches to manage it. Though the widespread use of mobile health technologies in low and middle income countries can potentially address these challenges, evidence on mobile health use has not been fully explored. This study aim to examine the existing published and unpublished literature on the use of mobile technology-based interventions designed to support cancer prevention, detection, treatment and palliation in LMICs. The study adapted a scoping review approach using Arksey & O’Malley (2005) methodological framework. Six electronic databases; Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science and WHO Global Health Library were systematically searched for relevant studies between 1990 to 2014. The search also included additional sources from trial registers, Google, Google Scholar and reference lists. The search yielded 523 articles of which 16 were reviewed, one of these being an ongoing trial. The key findings revealed that mHealth technologies had significantly contributed to the positive outcomes in the cancer care in various contexts with all mobile technology-based features used showing improvement in care delivery. The cell phones were the common mobile device used (46.6% of the studies) followed by Smartphone (26.6%), while SMS was a commonly used mHealth feature. Mobile health interventions predominantly targeted cancer screening and diagnosis in the continuum of care, with less focus on treatment and palliation support. In conclusion, mobile health interventions have a high potential to transform cancer services in low resource settings. However, there is a paucity of evidence on mobile health interventions for cancer care. Most of the reviewed studies were descriptive, hence the need for robust studies with multidimensional focus, including control of risk factors, treatment compliance and palliative care.Item EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABSORPTIVE CAPACITIES AND PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2017-12) Korir, Loice; Bonuke, Ronald; Kibet, YusufThe aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effect of absorptive capacity and supply chain operational capability on performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi Kenya. Explanatory research design and random sampling technique was used to collect data with the aid of a questionnaire from a sample of 200 firms. Reliability the research instrument was tested using Cronbach alpha. In order to test the hypotheses and the mediation effect, bootstrapping procedure was followed by testing the direct and indirect effect. The finding shows the significant direct effect of absorptive capacity on both performance and supply chain operational capability. Supply chain operational capability was also found to significantly, positively and directly affect performance. Lastly the result shows that Supply chain operational capability mediates the relationship between absorptive capacity and performance, hence providing new knowledge in research literature. Marketers have to recognize the central role of logistic capability, technological capability and structural capability together with acquiring, assimilating, transforming and exploiting the available business opportunities to enhance and sustain their performance in a competitive environment.Item Towards drought impact-based forecasting in a multi-hazard context(Elsevier, 2022-01-26) Boult, Victoria L.; Black, Emily; Abdillahi, Halima Saado; Bailey, Meghan; Harris, Clare; Kilavi, Mary; Kniveton, Dominic; MacLeod, David; Mwangi, Emmah; Otieno, George; Rees, Elizabeth; Rowhani, Pedram; Taylor, Olivia; Todd, Martin C.The lives and livelihoods of people around the world are increasingly threatened by climate related risks as climate change increases the frequency and severity of high-impact weather. In turn, the risk of multiple hazards occurring simultaneously grows and compound impacts become more likely. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) proposed the use of multi-hazard impact-based forecasting (IbF) to better anticipate and reduce the impacts of concurrent hazards, but as yet, there are few operational examples in the humanitarian sector. Drought is particularly susceptible to multi-hazard influences. However, challenges encountered in the development of drought IbF systems – including poor understanding of compound impacts and specific hazard-focused mandates – raise important questions for the feasibility of multi-hazard IbF as envisioned by the WMO. With these challenges in mind, we propose an interim approach in which real-time assessment of dynamic vulnerability provides a context for drought-based IbF. The incorporation of dynamic vulnerability indicators account for the local effects of non-drought hazards, whilst the use of a drought-based system facilitates effective intervention. The proposed approach will improve our understanding of compound events, enhance adoption of IbF in the humanitarian sector, and better mitigate the impacts of concurrent hazards.