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Recent Submissions
Influence of Cultural Competence Training among Health Care Workers on Patient Satisfaction and Health Outcomes in Diverse Communities
(Asian Journal of Research in Nursing and Health, 2024-10-30) Musembi Mary; Affey, Fatuma
This study aimed at exploring impact of cultural competence training on enhancing patients
satisfaction and improving health outcomes within such communities.
Study Design: Analytical-cross sectional study design approach was applied in this study, both
qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized to collect data. Relationship between cultural
competence training and its effects on patient satisfaction and health outcomes was examined as
well as mechanisms through which cultural competence training influences healthcare delivery in
diverse settings was explored.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Kiambu Level 5 Hospital in Kiambu
County, Kenya. This region hosts a mixed population with varying cultures, and it is a level 5
hospital with high referrals of various cases from different parts of the county.
The area provided conducive environment for this study since it borders Nairobi and its population
Home and School Based Parental Involvement as Predictors of Access and Retention in Public Primary Schools in Kajiado County, Kenya
(2024-10-11) Kerei K. Beatrice,; Nangithia Robert; and Mwai M. Joseph
Parental involvement in children's education has consistently been associated with
improved academic performance. Despite government efforts to provide free primary
education, many public schools in Kenya still faces challenges related to access and
retention. The issue is more pronounced in regions like Kajiado county where socioeconomic and cultural dynamics, including nomadic pastoralist lifestyles, can affect
children’s schooling. This study therefore, sought to investigate home and school
based parental involvement as predictors of access and retention in public primary
schools in Kajiado County, Kenya. The study was guided by Epstein’s Six Types of
Parental Involvement Model. Using a descriptive survey design, the study collected
data from 10 schools, targeting 100 teachers. The Krejcie and Morgan Table from
1970 was utilized to determine a sample size of 80 respondents, who were selected
through simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a structured
questionnaire, which was first piloted to assess its validity and reliability. Descriptive
statistics was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that parental financial
contributions, involvement in learning, provision of resources and participation in
academic activities affects pupils access and retention. The study recommends several
strategies to improve access and retention in Kajiado County public primary schools.
Role of SUPKEM leadership in fighting against extremism and terrorism in Kenya
(Taylor and francis, 2024) Akasi, H.Y.
The Supreme Council of Kenyan Muslims (SUPKEM) was established in
1973 as an umbrella body to bring together all Muslims in Kenya with the intention of
addressing the needs of the Muslim community in Kenya. It also acts as a link between the
Kenyan government and its Muslim citizens. Extremism is one of the major threats to the
East African region and Kenya in particular. The ideology of violent extremism is spread
through different media and radicalizes individuals into terrorists who kill and cause
devastation. The Muslim community in Kenya has a role to play in combating violent
extremism and terrorism in the country because conversion to Islam has been linked to
radicalization and violent extremism, particularly along Kenya’s coast. The aim of this study
is to demonstrate the role that SUPKEM leadership can play in the counterterrorism mea-
sures implemented in Kenya. Qualitative research was used to study the role that Muslim
leaders in SUPKEM play in countering violent extremism and terrorism. Qualitative inter-
views with selected Islamic leaders provided rich data that helped to understand terrorism
and violent extremism in Kenya. The results showed that SUPKEM leadership is well-
informed about the problem of terrorism and violent extremism in Kenya. Islamic leadership
can play a role through alternative narratives, religious dialogue, and more scholarly
research to guide their believers against dangerous religious ideology.
Challenges facing Muslim converts in the Republic of Kenya: A case study of Mumias-Kakamega county
(Taylor and francis, 2024) Akasi, H.Y.
Converts are a significant group within Kenya’s Muslim population. If converts are
handled in the right way, they may play a big role in the spread of Islam to non-Muslims. If converts
are treated properly, they could have a significant impact on the propagation of Islam among non-
Muslims. In Mumias, Kakamega County, Kenya, converts face so many challenges as they navigate
through their new-found faith. The aim of this study was to investigate the problems that convert in
Kakamega face. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews as primary data. For the
interviews, a sample of 25 participants was selected. There were 15 men and 10 women. Converts
face physical assault, derogatory language, neglect by family and friends, difficulty finding a scho-
lar, social integration, difficulties acquiring Islamic knowledge, difficulties learning the Quran,
humiliation, identity issues, marital problems, and other problems, according to the findings. The
study recommends a systematic process of educating converts for a better understanding of Islam
and providing them with self-efficiency projects that will enable them to be self-reliant.
Financial Inclusion and Stock Market Developmentin Kenya; ACase of Kajiado County
(Blue Print Academic Publishers, 2024-09-22) Munene, Wanja Agnes; Koech, Alex
The Group of Twenty (G20) recognizes that financial inclusion as a key enabler in the fight against poverty. In effort to alleviating poverty in Kenya, the government identified the stock market as a key avenue in mobilizing resources. The Development of its stock market is thus vital avenue that could be used to mobilize investment funds required for implementation of vision 2030 projects. However, the stock market is contributing less than one percent of growth financing against the government expectation of ten percent. This study therefore, sought to investigate the effect of financial inclusion on stock market development in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the effects of access to financial services, usage of financial services, quality of the products and the service delivery on stock market development in Kenya. Using stratified random sampling, a sample size of 482respondents was drawn from a target population.Multiple regression Model was employed in order to determine the relationship between financial inclusion and stock market participation in Kenya. The study found out there was a strong positive relationship between financial access, usage and product quality and stock market development.Also, financial access(β=.061, p<0.05), usage(β=.083, p<0.05)and product quality(β=.476, p<0.05)has a positive and statistically significant effect on stock market development in Kenya.In addition, the study found that most of the responses on advanced financial literacy questions were performed below average indicating low financial literate levels among the respondents.The study recommends that the county government initiate programs that will enhance financial inclusion in the county, this will not only enhance stock market development but also other market sectors.
INVESTIGATION OF DECLINE OF ISLAM IN MUMIAS REGION OF KAKAMEGA COUNTY
(2023-11-19) OMUKABA, OMAR RAMADHAN
Islamic religion first spread into Africa from the Arabian Peninsula during the early seventh century. Today, 40 percent of the African population is Muslims. The East African region consist of a significant number of Muslims particularly along the Indian Ocean coastline. In Kenya, Muslims account to 11 percent of the population (Census, 2019). Islam penetrated to interior of Kenya and stepped its fit in Mumias Western Kenya in late 19th century. Its spread in the region was spearheaded by King Nabongo Mumia of the Wanga kingdom who embraced in its early stage. In early 20th century Christian missionaries invaded the region spreading Christianity which led to weakening of Islam in the region.
This study has investigated the downfall of Islam in Mumias region of Kakamega County,
Kenya. The study aimed to examine the factors behind the decline of Islam in Mumias
region and discuss the efforts of revival. The study was guided by the theory of islamization developed by Bunger (1972) and conflict theory suggested by Marx. The design employed was exploratory and descriptive survey design with a methodology of a mixed method approach during which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and interview schedules. The quantitative data obtained was analyzed systematically with the help of the SPSS version 21 and presented with the help of frequency tables and percentages. While the qualitative data collected was analyzed and presented thematically in a narrative form. The target population was 399,145 respondents from the entire Mumias region. The researcher used both purposive and simple random sampling to get sample size of 100 respondents for the study. Ethical consideration was a priority by seeking permission from the relevant authority to carry out the study and confidentiality assured to all respondents. The study findings have established several reasons that led to deterioration of Islam in Mumias region such as lack of religious knowledge, learning in missionary sponsored schools, marriage to nonmuslims, poverty among Muslims, Influence from parents and colleagues who are not Muslims or who have
converted from Islam, misconception about Islam, lack of committed and consistent
propagators (Duat) and lack of Islamic institutions like schools and hospitals among others.
The results also indicate that downfall of Islam contributes to reduction of Muslim
followers. There are some efforts put forward to improve the situation like; propagation of
the religion, interreligious dialogues though very little and a few Islamic NGOs that operate in the region among others.
Prevalence, Effect and Management of Cancer Pain at Garissa, Kenya
(IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2018-12-25) Affey, Fatuma; Mwenda, Catherine; Too, Wesley; Elmi, Mohamed
High prevalence, negative effect and suboptimal cancer pain management has been reported from resource-limited countries such as Kenya. Precisely, trends of cancer cases are on the increase at Garissa County in Kenya, yet no data exist on the prevalence, effect and management of cancer pain. This study was to examine the prevalence, effect and cancer pain management of adult patients at Garisssa County Referral Hospital. A descriptive cross sectional survey was employed and 94 cancer patients from both outpatient on follow up care and inpatient were recruited to participate. MBPI (Modified Brief Pain Inventory) and ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) tools were used for data collection. Pain Management Index was calculated and significant levels were set at P<0.05 for all tests. Mean age of participants was 50years,
composed of 42(44.7%) male and 52 (55.3%) female. Cancers of Breast and prostate were most prevalent with (25%) female and (14%) male respectively. Prevalence of cancer pain was 78% with majority reporting moderate to severe pain and undertreatment with PIM of (p-value < 0.05). Participants accounting 76.9% male
and 66.7% female reported cancer pain interference with ability to walk and 91% male and 70% female reported that pain interfered with their mood. Male participants reported to experience more psychological, physical and social pain than female participants. A total of 81.9% (77) participants incorrectly utilised WHO analgesic ladders, 65% (61) and 77.6% (73) considered alternative therapy of Quran and Somali herbs respectively for pain management. This study found a high prevalence of cancer pain with negative impact and suboptimal cancer pain management.
'XANNUN’ NURSING CARE MODEL FOR CANCER PAIN MANAGEMENT AMONG ADULT PATIENTS AT GARISSA COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL (GCRH), KENYA
(2019) Affey, Fatuma
Nursing care models allows concept application of not only the physical treatment of pain but also synthesis the significance of social-cultural practices, psychological and spiritual pain relief. Cancer pain has high prevalence and negative impact on the quality of life of patients at Garissa County due to limited access to healthcare facilities and unique pastoral lifestyle of the community. This necessitated the development of ‗Xannun‘ model of nursing care for holistic pain management that is clinically proficient
and culturally competent.
Phase one of the utilised triangulation method approach to recruit 94 cancer patients, 84 clinical nurses and 15 key informants, while phase two was the actual development and testing of Xannun nursing care model. Various sampling procedures that included random, purposive and snowball and recruit participants voluntarily was done. Modified Brief Pain Inventory (MBPI) tool combined with focus group discussion and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was used to obtain data
from participants. The sample population was 188 participants. Cancer patients had a mean age of 51years, with prevalence of pain at 78 % (73) that ranged from moderate to severe. A total of 78 % (66) of clinical nurses had no tool for pain assessment, 83.2 % (70) of them did not know how to utilise WHO analgesic ladder. Majority of patients 82 % (78) were on incorrect WHO analgesic ladder with negative PMI (p-value < 0.05) of under treatment. Majority of patients considered alternative treatment for cancer pain such as Quran recitation and Somali herbs accounting for 65% (61) and 77.6% (73) respectively.
Almost all KI 93% (14) indicated the inadequate availability of pain medication.
Phase two, Delphi survey to gain expert opinion was used. Experts‘ opinion of 80% of respondents agreed that the ‗Xannun‘ nursing model captured the challenges of cancer pain management and 60% of them predicted that the model could be utilised. However, 100% of the experts suggested that the model will bring a positive change, though 90% of them upheld that there will be potential challenges of implementing such a model.
This study found high prevalence of cancer pain, suboptimal pain care, Knowledge deficit among nurses and inaccessibility of pain medication associated with the dynamic of a nomadic lifestyle. Thus, this study recommends the implementation of ―Xannun‖ Nursing Care model at GCRH, for a better approach of cancer pain management.
A MODEL OF NURSING CARE FOR CANCER PAIN MANAGEMENT AMONG ADULT PATIENTS AT GARISSA COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL
(2018-09-01) Affey, Fatuma
Cancer pain is a complex feeling due to sensory and emotional hostile experiences linked with a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. More than 50% of patients with cancer complain of pain hence the need for nursing care model for pain management. Cancer pain in Garissa is a concern due to the limited access to pain management in healthcare facilities. The pastoral lifestyle of the communities exacerbates it.The nursing care model is tailored for such a unique lifestyle in the provision of holistic pain management that is assumed to cultivate care of patients at Garissa County. Phase one was a descriptive exploratory study design. A mixed method approach was utilised to recruit participants that include 94 cancer patients, 84 clinical nurses and 15 critical informants for this study. Various sampling procedures, including random, purposive and snowball sampling were employed to recruit all study participants voluntarily. Modified Brief Pain Inventory (MBPI) tool combined with focus group discussion was used to obtain data from cancer patients. ECOG performance status was also utilised to assess the functional disease progress. Questionnaires were randomly administered to all clinical nurses and Key informants caring for cancer patients to ascertain their knowledge, practice and availability of pain control medications. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and linear regression, analysed the quantitative information while qualitative data was analysed through the categorisation of themes, a cluster of themes and direct quotes of participants.
The sample population was 188 participants. Cancer patients had mean age 51year with composition of 44.7 % (42) male and 55.3% (52) female. Prevalence of cancer pain was at 78 % (73) with intensity ranging from moderate to severe. A total of 78 % (66) of clinical nurses indicated had no tool for pain assessment, 83.2 %( 70) of them did not know how to utilise WHO analgesic ladder. Majority of patients 82 %( 78) were on incorrect WHO analgesic ladder for pain management with negative PMI (p-value < 0.05) of under treatment. Majority of patients considered alternative treatment for cancer pain such as Quran recitation and Somali herbs accounting for 65% (61) and 77.6% (73) respectively. Almost all KI 93% (14) indicated the inadequate availability of pain medication.
Phase two entailed the development of “Xanuun” nursing care model for pain management and pre-testing of the same from expert opinion and nurse managers GCRH. Findings from experts showed that 80% of respondents agreed that the developed model captured the challenges of cancer pain management and 60% of them predicted that the model could be utilised. However, 100% of the experts suggested that the model will bring a positive change, though 90% of them upheld that there will be potential challenges of implementing such a model.
This study revealed a high prevalence of cancer pain due to under treatment and inaccessibility of pain medication associated with the dynamic of a nomadic lifestyle. The study found limited knowledge and negative attitude among clinical nurses at GCRH. Thus, recommends the need to implement contextual “Xannun” Nursing Care model at GCRH, for a better approach of cancer pain management
Analysis of the utilization of instructional media and technology during instruction of Arabic language at Umma University
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Omukaba, O.R.
Technology advancement has become integral in all spheres of human life,
including the education sector. In that respect, we cannot separate instructional media and technology (IMT) from education. This study analyzes the available IMTs vis-a-vis utilizing them for instructing the Arabic language at the Umma University, Kajiado Campus. The research was driven by a lack of adequate IMT in many institutions, and sometimes, if provided, they were underutilized either due to a lack of proficiency or the feeling that they were not important. The study is guided by the cognitive theory of multimedia learning developed by Richard E. Mayer (Mayor 2005). A descriptive survey design was employed to collect data through questionnaires and interviews, and a sample size of 30 participants was drawn from the target population of 80 lecturers and students by purposive sampling. Qualitative data was analyzed and presented thematically in narrative form, and quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The study findings revealed that IMT is essential in enhancing the instruction of the Arabic language at Umma University, but its availability is minimal and it is underutilized. Thus, it underscores the need for increased availability of IMT and establishing initiatives that will ensure more of its utilization. It recommends that the administration ensures provisions of IMT and monitor its utilization by requiring that all lecturers use IMT in teaching.