School of Business and Technology
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Item Managing inappropriate behaviours of pupils with mild cognitive disabilities in selected inclusive primary schools: Changamwe Sub-county, Mombasa county, Kenya(Journal of Autism and Other Developmental Disorders: Current Research and Practice, 2018) Macmbinji, V.; Zigler, R.; Maneno, R.Introduction. The focus of this study was to investigate management of inappropriate behaviours of pupils with mild cognitive disability in selected inclusive primary schools in Changamwe Sub-county, Mombasa, Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: (1) To determine the prevalent inappropriate behaviours of pupils with cognitive disabilities in inclusive primary schools. (2) To identify the factors leading to inappropriate behaviours of pupils with cognitive disabilities. (3) To delineate the strategies teachers employing managing inappropriate behaviours of pupils with cognitive disabilities. (4) To determine the challenges teachers face in managing inappropriate behaviours among pupils with cognitive disabilities. The study was guided by the social learning theory of Albert Bandura. Materials and Methods. The study employed descriptive survey. The sample size comprised 10 deputy head teachers, 60 teachers and 30 pupils with cognitive disability. The total sample was one hundred (100) participants. The sample size was determined using purposive and random sampling methods. The researcher collected the data himself through the use of questionnaires, an interview schedule and an observation checklist. Qualitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS whereas thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results. The study established that academic inappropriate behaviors were the most prevalence among learners with cognitive disability as compared to the social and disruptive inappropriate behaviors. Hyperactivity and easy distraction were cited as the major factors leading to the inappropriate behaviors among learners with cognitive disability. Conclusions. We also discuss some recommended steps and effective strategies for improving the situation in schools.Item Challenges Faced by Education Stakeholders in Inclusion of Individuals with Communication Difficulties into Education Mainstream-Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Study of Mombasa County, Kenya(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS):, 2019-02-01) Macmbinji, Vincent OtienoThis article sets out to answer the question “Challenges faced by education stakeholders in Inclusion of Individuals with Communication Difficulties into Education mainstream Sub-Saharan Africa”. Inclusion of Children with Communication Difficulties in the education mainstream has been a great challenge in many Sub-Saharan African countries. One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to give all Children Living with Disability (CDWs) those having communication difficulties among them; the opportunity to participate in the least restrictive environment so they can receive as much education as possible with their non-disabled peers. Many educators in regular schools and other stakeholders face a myriad of drawbacks in the process of trying the idea of having children with Communication Difficulty in the education mainstream. This article includes the background regarding the inclusion of Individuals with Communication Difficulties, literature review regarding inclusive education and challenges that teachers face in the process of trying the idea of inclusive education. Sample size included seventy (70) teachers. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. SPSS was used in analyzing quantitative data. Results of data analysis were presented using frequency distribution tables, bar graphs, and pie charts. The study established that experience in teaching learners with communication difficulty, policy regarding inclusion of learners with Communication Difficulties and the class size of learners (population) were the main challenges facing the teachers. The study recommended reforms in the curricula, in-service training for teachers, developing a policy for inclusion for children with Communication Difficulties.Item An Analysis of Approaches Used to Train Learners with Autism Spectrum Disorders Human Occupation Skills in Selected Special units, Mombasa County, Kenya(Journal of Popular Education in Africa, 2019-01-01) Mange, Daniel Mbirithi; Macmbinji, Vincent O.; Mjomba, Ndung’u LewisThis study aimed at finding out the instructional strategies used to train learners with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) human occupation skills. It was intended to establish whether teachers of children with ASD have adequate knowledge and skills to determine the educational needs of learners with ASD. It also investigated the existing instructional methods used in educating children with ASD human occupation skills, and established the level of awareness among teachers on the characteristics of learners with ASD. The stud employed quantitative approach. The target population was 435 respondents, 90 teachers and 345 learners with special needs. The sample comprised of 15 teachers and 30 pupils. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers. The researcher used an observation checklist to check the approaches used by teachers in training human occupations and characteristics exhibited by learners with ASD. Content validity will be determined by experts in the field of special needs. The tools were piloted in special units in Kilifi County, Kenya to determine their reliability. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data was presented in graphs and tables. The study also found out that majority of the teachers preferred using Individualized Education Plan to train learner in human occupation skills. Further, the study found out that there were inadequate teachers trained in human occupation skills as well as managing learners with autism. The study found out that majority of the learners with autism had echolalia and lack of control of emotion and throwing tantrums. The study recommends that Ministry of Education Science & Technology should employ more teachers trained in Special Needs Education in special schools, review curriculum for teacher training colleges to inculcate management for learners with specific conditions such as ASD and more in-service training on special needs teachers regarding approaches for training learners with ASD.Item Integrated therapy approach for children with autism spectrum disorder: case of Mombasa County, Kenya(Journal of Popular Education in Africa, 2019-12-01) Macmbinji, Vincent O.The focus of this study was integrated therapy approach for children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorder is a critical issue in as far as its diagnoses and management are concerned. Lack of early diagnoses and intervention makes a mockery of the stated developmental milestones that the children with autism are supposed to achieve. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate integrated therapy approach for children with autism spectrum disorder in Mombasa County, Kenya. The sample size comprised 60 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, 40 children with autism spectrum disorder and 20 occupational therapists. The total sample was one hundred (120) participants. The sample size was determined using specific random sampling methods. Data collected was done using questionnaires, an observation guide. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of children with autism spectrum disorder who are also members of Unleashing Potential in Autism (UPIA) whereas the observation guide was used to check the frequency of behaviours. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. SPSS was used in analyzing quantitative data. The qualitative data was informative in explaining and clarifying the quantitative data from questionnaires. Results of data analysis were presented using frequency distribution tables, bar graphs, and pie charts. The study established that social and communication, disruptive and stereotypic behaviours were the most prevalent behaviour among children with autism spectrum disorder. Stigmatization and discrimination from the community were found to be the major factors leading to low perception of parents with children with autism. There was emphasis on the use of swings, trampoline and Picture Exchange Communication System as an integrated therapy technique. Lack of support from the government, financial constraints and adequate equipment were the main challenges faced in implementation of integrated therapy approach. The study recommends that Ministry of Education Science & Technology in collaboration with Ministry of Health to conduct an awareness campaign on integrated therapy approach, community based rehabilitation programs should be initiated. A transformational approach should be implemented to make sure that all stakeholders in various special needs centres (occupational therapist, physiotherapist, psychologists, counsellors and speech and language practitioners) are fully involved in setting and reviewing policy guideline on integrated therapy approach for children with special needs.Item Causes of climate change and its impact in the multi sectoral areas in Africa-Need for enhenced adaptation policies(British Jounal of Applied Science and technology, 2018-05-11) Matata, Andy Cons,Ali AdanAfrica has experienced climate change since the late Holocene which intensified in the last century mainly due to factors such as the changes brought about by the colonial administration, which led to rapid population growth from improved healthcare systems and infrastructure, and organised agriculture. Recent studies on climate change and its impact on Africa indicate that the continent is more vulnerable to climate change than other continents because of inadequate resources. The effect of climatic change has worsened in the last fifty years, mainly due to heavy pollution and the greenhouse effect caused by the industries in the developed countries and in the newly industrialized nation such as India, China, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and others. Recent studies on climate change in Africa has shown that population growth has led to decline of forest coverincreased land and environmental degradation, leading to severe ecological disruption. This change has wreaked and continued to cause severe damage to Africa’s infrastructure, health and economy. Global warming related floods have destroyed roads, crops, water sources, and killed both people, livestock and wildlife. Droughts too have caused similar problem if not worse destruction. Africa’s poverty makes it difficult for the people to mitigate their losses and to adapt to the conditions. It is, therefore, necessary for African countries and its leaders to adopt policies and laws which deliberately aim at addressing the problems created by climate change. These policies should be tilted towards adaptation rather than mitigation since African countries generally lacks the capacity. The objective of this paper is to create policy awareness on the causes of climatic change and its impact on sectoral systems in order to prioritise timely knowledge-based policy decision for stimulated green growth development opportunities. The findings and the conclusion are based on the available literature.Item INFLUENCE OF MONITORING PLANNING PRACTICES ON PROJECTS PERFORMANCE OF KENYAN STATE CORPORATIONS(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2015-08) Muchelule, Yusuf Wanjala,Amuhayav Iravo MikeThe main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of monitoring planning practices on project performance of Kenyan State Corporations. Complexity theory informed the study. Mixed research design was adopted and a target population of 187 state corporations was used. Simple random sampling were used to select 65 state corporations who forms the sample size. Data was collect using questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well as qualitative methods. Findings from regression model showed that monitoring planning (β1 = -0.307) had negative significant effect project performance in Kenyan State Corporations. The implication is that monitoring planning results in declined project performance. There is thus need for further research on the same to establish the validity of this concept.Item Challenges Facing Implementation of Public Private Partnership Projects in Nairobi City County(International Journal for Social Studies, 2016-01) Mulama Kevin, Muchelule YusufThis study addresses the issues that challenge the implementation of the public private partnership projects in Nairobi City County. Like all projects, implementation stage is always faced with challenges that have to be overcome to realize the desired outcome-in this case Nairobi City County has to be able to face the challenging situations which have to be dealt with in order to realize its development plan. This study has identified those challenges. The general objective was to find out the challenges that face the implementation of Public Private Partnership Projects in Nairobi City County. The specific objectives were: the examination of policy framework; institutional framework; legal framework; project planning; and project cost sharing among partners in a PPP at Nairobi City County. The problem being lack of effective policy, institutional and legal frameworks or poor planning of PPP projects. The Primary data was collected using interview guide and use of questionnaires while secondary data was collected through desk research. Through stratified sampling, Finance and Economic Sector was selected to participate in the study. This is the sector that deals with PPP project implementation. The study used primary data, which was gathered from respondents using a structured questionnaire, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Staffs of departments whose functions use the PPP strategy were given questionnaires that they filled and responded accordingly. The study found out that despite PPP Projects being under the Finance and Economic Sector most of the staff were not actively involved in PPP Project selection, the PPP Policy, Institutional and Legal frameworks are not adequate enough to permit effective implementation of PPP Projects. Equally the level of involvement of staff in project planning is also on a very low scale. In terms of Cost sharing respondents felt that it does not play a major role in PPP project implementation. The study also studied the contract agreements, minutes of council and/or county resolutions and quarterly reports to get secondary data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data collected. The study concluded that the main challenges facing the implementation of PPP Projects at Nairobi City County are ineffective policy, institutional and legal framework. The study recommends that staff in the relevant sector dealing with PPP be fully involved in project implementation from the policy formulation stage through planning to project completion stage. The staff also needs to be trained on Project Management.Item Factors Influencing Completion of Water Projects in Kakamega County, Kenya(International Journal of Research in Management, Science & Technology, 2016-08) Kanda, Edwin K.Yusuf,MamadiMuchelule,Abstract – The main aim of this study was to investigate factors that influence completion of water projects in Kenya using Kakamega County as a case study. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the effect of client-related factors and contractor-related factors. The instrument of data collection was questionnaires. The target population consisted of 104 employees working for water projects in Mumias and Lugari, and also contractors and professionals who have been engaged in water projects in Kakamega County. Simple random and purposive sampling was used to select 90 respondents who formed the sample size. The response rate was 82%. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. The main factors that were associated with client included financial capacity, owner interference, the imposition of contract duration , decision-making ability, and change in project scope which had a positive relationship with project completion (r = 0.302, p <0.05). The contractor-related factors studied were financial capacity, equipment availability and quality, skilled workforce, site supervision ability, material availability, and control over sub-contractors which had a positive relationship with project completion (r = 0.668, p < 0.05). Therefore, both client-related and contractor-related factors had a significant relationship with project completion.Item Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the growth of micro finance institutions based in Nairobi, Kenya.(JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2017) WAINAINA, ALICE WANJIKUDespite the impressive growth evident in the micro finance industry, its outreach still remains severely constrained. This study sought to examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions on the growth of micro finance institutions as a strategy of capturing the large unexploited micro finance market. The specific objectives of the study were; to analyze the effect of risk taking propensity on the growth of micro finance institutions, to examine the effect of proactiveness on the growth of microfinance institutions, to examine the effect of autonomy on the growth of microfinance institutions, to examine the effect of innovativeness on the growth of microfinance institutions and to analyze the effect of competitive aggressiveness on the growth of microfinance institutions. The study examined a target population of 56 formal Microfinance institutions operating within Nairobi. It employed a census inquiry and collected data through questionnaires and face to face interviews. The target respondents were Chief Executive Officers, Owners, Branch managers, operational managers and Relationship managers. The study used mixed research design which involved the application of both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Cronbach’s alpha was used as a measure of reliability and multiple regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The regression coefficient shows that the EO dimensions (independent variables) are positively and statistically significant in explaining the growth of MFIs. The regression coefficient shows that innovativeness is the most important variable. The study recommends the utilization of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions as a competitive strategy. It recommends the development of internal strategic measures that will promote innovation, proactiveness and autonomy in the management practices. The study recommends further research on effect of entrepreneurial orientation on Microfinance Institutions at different stages of growth. It also recommends a study on the impact of commercialization of microfinance institutions on alleviation of poverty.Item The role of universities in enhancing democratic accountability, public engagement and participation(DAAD, 2017-06) Ali, Adan AliUniversities are globally respected institutions in the world as they play critical role of democratization and development in institutions, communities and societies. Although very rare in Kenyan, the goal of universities should be to enhance democratic accountability, public engagements and participation with a view to cultivate strong sense of citizenship. In order to achieve such strong sense of belonginess for the nation, the universities should have conducive environment that nurture dialogue, consultation, participation and association so that it brings out a fairly stable and all-inclusive progressive knowledge-based community. This is what I call democratic minded academicians, who cannot be influenced by clan, wealth, culture, gender, and other social factors. Therefore, democratic minded academicians can be a powerful instruments that help inspire social change in institutions, communities and societies. Academia should play pivotal in educating students, academicians and others to become champion of democratic accountability, public engagements, and patriotism, thus making them peace-loving and obedient citizens with national value orientations. With existence of value-oriented learners, mentors and leaders, the country can advance in democratic accountability, public engagements and social justice. Because academia has neglected their fundamental roles and responsibilities, politicians have taken advantage to have bad governance field-days in form of perpetuated hunger, ethnicity, conflicts, poverty, and corruption. Looking at communities surrounding established universities environment, there is little to show in terms of their effects, contribution and appreciation by institutions, and communities due to many physical, psychological and other invisible barriers between the communities and universities. Such barriers need to be identified and removed. It may be the same reasons why Kenyan universities are churning out half-baked graduates who are incapable of solving issues in society. Universities will only be appreciated if they play roles in addressing social, economic and political difficulties faced by communities and others. The purpose of this paper is to urge Kenya universities to play pivotal in educating students, academicians and others to become champion of democratic accountability, public engagements, and patriotism, thus making them peace-loving and obedient citizens with national value orientations.