Browsing by Author "Abdillahi, H.S."
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Item Antimicrobial activity of South African Podocarpus species(2008-06-28) Abdillahi, H.S.; Stafford, G.I.; Finnie, J.F.; Staden, J. VanEthnopharmacological relevance: Several species of Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae) are utilized in treating ailments across the world. In Africa, four species are used traditionally in both animal and human health Aim of the study: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Podocarpus species against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Materials and methods: Six solvents of varying polarity were used for extraction. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the microdilution bioassay and for antifungal activity, the microdilution bioassay and (M27-P) broth dilution were used. Results: All species exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC values of less than 1 mg/ml. Inhibition against Gram-positive bacteriawas stronger with an MIC value of 98 g/ml while for Gram-negative bacteria, the highest inhibitionwas against Klebsiella pneumoniae with an MIC value of 0.33 mg/ml. All species exhibited strong antifungal activity with the best MIC being 30 g/ml after 48 h. Conclusions: All four species exhibited strong inhibition against all tested microbials, based on Aligiannis et al. [Aligiannis, N., Kalpotzakis, E., Mitaku, S., Chinou, I.B., 2001. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, 4168–4170] classification they can be classified as strong inhibitors.Item Effect of cadmium uptake and accumulation on growth and antibacterial activity of Merwilla plumbea — An extensively used medicinal plant in South Africa(Elsevier, 2009-05-21) Street, R.A.; Kulkarni, M.G.; Stirk, W.A.; Southway, C.; Abdillahi, H.S.; Chinsamy, M.; Staden, J. VanIn South Africa, heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils is on the increase primarily due to excessive application of fertilizers, sewage disposal and mining activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on plant growth and biological activity. The medicinal plant Merwilla plumbea [Syn. Merwilla natalensis (Syn. Scilla natalensis)] was selected due to the high demand for its bulbs in the traditional medicine markets. Low levels of Cd (2 mg/L) significantly reduced fresh mass of leaves, bulbs and roots in comparison to the control. Although most of the Cd was stored in the roots, the bulbs, which are used medicinally, accumulated 7.1, 5.9 and 11.6 mg/kg when grown in sand watered weekly with 2, 5 and 10 mg Cd/L respectively. The bulbs of M. plumbea contained 24-fold more Cd than the World Health Organization guideline of 0.3 mg Cd/kg, when irrigated with 2 mg Cd/L. The bulb extracts showed increased antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis at 2 mg Cd/L. The plants treated with 10 mg Cd/L showed an increased antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to non-Cd-treated plants (control). However, there was no change in antibacterial activity of the various extracts against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The ability of M. plumbea to accumulate Cd not only raises concern for consumer safety, but also the quality of medicinal plants sold may be in question.Item In vitro Repression of Cyclooxygenase, Acetylcholinesterase Activities and Bacterial Growth by Trans-phytol and a Glycolipid from the Leaves of Homalomena sagittifolia(Researchgate, 2016-06-05) Eldeen, Ibrahim M.S.; Hamid, Abdul; Wong, K.C.; Abdullah, M.A.; Tengku-Muhammad, Tengku S.; Abdillahi, H.S.; Staden, J. VanBackground and Objective: The leaf of Homalomena sagittifolia was reported to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, narcotic, violent intoxication and hallucinogen effects. This study highlights isolation, identification and biological activities of two compounds from the leaves of H. sagittifolia. Methodology: Two isolates were investigated for their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. They were also tested for antimicrobial effects against five pathogenic bacterial strains using the micro-dilution assay. The structure of the two isolates were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data and previous available reports in literature. They were identified to be trans-phytol (1) and diacylglyceroglycolipid (2). The compounds were investigated for their anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic and antimicrobial effects using the cyclooxygenase, the microplate and the antimicrobial micro-dilution assays, respectively. Results: Compound 2 possessed good activity against both COX-1 (IC 50 = 38) and COX-2 (IC 50 = 48). The IC 50 values observed with the indomethacin were 4.1 and 181 μM against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. The two compounds also inhibited activity of acetylcholinesterase with an IC 50 values of 8.6 μM (2), 24 μM (1) and 3.3 μM (galanthamine). Compound 2 showed remarkable activity against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Klebsiella pneumoniae with an MIC value of 98 μM. The MIC values recorded for tetracycline were 87 and 175 μM against P. stutzeri and K. pneumonia, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicated the potential pharmacological properties of the leaves of H. sagittifolia and supported the traditional uses of the plant. Further studies are needed to understand its molecular interactions. This may lead to the development of standardized crude drugs and/or nutraceutical agents.Item A new sesquiterpenoid from the rhizomes of Homalomena sagittifolia(Taylor and Francis, 2012-05) Wong, K.C.; Hamid, Abdul; Eldeen, I.M.S.; Asmawi, M. Zaini; Baharuddin, S.; Abdillahi, H.S.; Staden, J. VanA new sesquiterpenoid, 1 ,4 ,7 -eudesmanetriol (1), was isolated together with the known compounds 1 ,4 ,7 -eudesmanetriol (2) and oplopanone (3) from the rhizomes of Homalomena sagittifolia. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectral analyses. The compounds 1 and 2 inhibited growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri with a MIC value of 117 mM when evaluated for antibacterial activity using the minimum concentration assay. Both these compounds showed remarkable activities against acetylcholinesterase enzyme with IC50 values ranging between 25 and 26 mM. The isolation of these sesquiterpenoids and their biological activities observed in this study support the reported traditional uses of H. sagittifolia for the treatment of microbial related diseases and central nervous system disorders.Item South African plants and male reproductive healthcare: Conception and contraception(Elsevier, 2012-06-28) Abdillahi, H.S.; Staden, J. VanEthnopharmacological relevance: Traditional remedies from plants have been use to treat male reproductive related disorders for ages in South Africa. Aim: This study reviewed the current status of medicinal plants used in male reproductive healthcare as well as their effectiveness as a mode of treatment. Methodology: A detailed literature search was done by consulting books, peer-reviewed papers, scientific databases such as Scopus, Science direct and PubMed, and Google scholars. Keywords such as aphrodisiacs, conception, erectile dysfunction, fertility, infertility and sterility in relation to medicinal plants were used during the search. Plant species were selected based on their traditional use in different aspects of male reproductive healthcare. Results: A total of 61 plants species were found to be used in treating male impotency or as aphrodisiacs. However, only six species have been evaluated scientifically and these plants showed significant activities either in promoting conception by improving fertility and promoting erection or in contraception by decreasing sperm motility, virility and membrane integrity. Conclusion: The importance of herbal products in the treatment of male infertility and related sexual disorders is undeniable. Scientific evaluations of the six species have proved the empirical use of these plants in the improvement of male sexual disorders as well as validating their traditional uses